How does Steinbeck present the culture of the migrant worker in the novel? Essay

John Steinbeck wrote a novel called Of Mice and Men in 1937. At the time America was in a period of economic depression following the Wall Street crash. John Steinbeck saw the effects and saw how people had to work hard away from home as migrant workers and this motivated him to write this novel. The story is about 2 migrant workers; Lennie and George. In this essay we will be looking at the character of the migrant workers, their motivations and their dreams for the future. Also we will be looking at the language and then conclude by answering the question ‘how does Steinbeck present the culture of the migrant worker in the novel? Migrant workers are people who go looking around for work away from home. They normally do not form long term friendships and normally do not form relationships with women. However in Steinbeck’s novel there are two friends called Lennie and George who have a long term friendship. Lennie is a big man with a mental age of about 8. He always relies on George to tell him what’s right and wrong. We can know that normal migrant workers are lonely. This is supported when George says â€Å"guys like us that work on ranches, are the loneliest guys in the world. The way he says loneliest, he doesn’t just say lonely he refers to migrant workers as â€Å"the loneliest people†. The migrant worker is shown to be lonely by Steinbeck. Also when Candy says â€Å"of course I ain’t got family† it tells us that it is usual to not have family and is a common feature shared by the migrant workers. Each character in the novel has his or her own characteristics, and this is how Steinbeck presents the culture of the migrant worker. Candy is characterised as being old and useless -the one who they use and Crooks is the lonely and isolated one. We come to know that Crooks feels lonely when he says â€Å"books ain’t no good a guy needs somebody to be near him†. The way he says ‘somebody’ means that he is desperate to have a friend and this desperation shows his loneliness. So Steinbeck presents us with different characteristics of each character like anger and loneliness. We also see signs of selfishness when Carlson shoots Candy’s dog. This novel is about hope and despair, love and disgust but Carlson isn’t really plugged into these things. This world is black and white to him with no subtitle for example when slim leads George away from the riverbank as he has gathered what has just happened Carlson says â€Å"what the hell do you thinks is eating them two guys†. This shows he is clueless to his surroundings but this is how he survives the life of the migrant worker. So overall there are different characteristics of the migrant workers. This is due to their circumstances like Crooks being black, Candy being old and Curley’s wife not loving him and not being loved by him. So Steinbeck presents the culture of the migrant workers to be selfish and lonely. But there are two characters that are different to the others; they are the dreamers, Lennie and George who symbolise hope for the migrant worker. What’s different about them is that they are friends who stick together till the end of the novel. This is shown when George says â€Å"with us it aint like that. We got a future. We got somebody to talk to that gives a damn about us†. This tells us that they have a dream the way George say â€Å"we got a future†. This shows us hope. Also when Lennie says â€Å"I got you to look after me and you got me to look after you†. This shows us lots of things, firstly it shows us friendship between them but it also shows that Lennie relies on George. George’s dream is to have is own piece of land and Lennie’s is to tend rabbits on that piece of land. But there are also other characters that have dreams like Curley’s. Her dream is to become an actress when she says â€Å"he was going to put me in the movies†. This shows us that she wanted to become an actress and therefore shows us that even she has a dream. Also Crooks dreams of being seen as equal to everyone else. He remembers his childhood, when he played with white children who came to his family’s chicken ranch. Even the old and useless Candy has a dream which merges with Lennie and George’s dream which is to have their own piece of land. So overall Steinbeck presents us with a lot of different characters of the migrant workers. He shows anger, aggression and even loneliness, but he also shows other things like hope, friendship and the dream of the migrant workers. He also shows the dream of the migrant worker and how it is pointless to have a dream. He shows us that dreams lead to disappointment. In the novel nobody’s dream comes true for example Crooks doesn’t get that equality he thinks he deserves, Curley’s wife doesn’t get to be an actress and Candy’s dreams get shattered along with George of having their own piece of land. The best way to avoid disappointment is to not have a dream this is what Steinbeck is explaining in this novel. Steinbeck uses a lot of descriptions to show the scenery. For example he describes a place at the beginning to be â€Å"close to the hillside bank and runs deep and green. The water is warm too†. Then at the beginning of section 2 he describes were they work when he says â€Å"the bunk house was long, rectangular building. Inside the walls were whitewashed and the floor unpainted†. He gives a contrast because at the beginning he describes a place that is beautiful and colourful by the way he says deep and green and when he describes the work place he uses very plain description like rectangular bunk house and ‘the floors unpainted’. This gives us a contrast between the life of nature and then the life of the migrant worker. The language used tells us that they were uneducated and had an accent by the way Lennie says ‘purty’ instead of ‘pretty’. Also we can tell that they are uneducated by the way they speak like when Lennie says â€Å"make um let me alone†. Steinbeck is recreating an authentic sense of the spoken voice. However people who sound uneducated can still have brains for example Crooks. He reads law books but his language is just as bad as the others when he says â€Å"I ain’t so crippled I can’t work like a son of a bitch if I want to†. They also use racist words towards crooks like ‘nigger’. This is only said to show us that they were all living in a time, in society that was racist. Overall I think that Steinbeck shows the culture of the migrant workers in numerous ways, he gives us different characteristics of the migrant worker for example anger, suspicions, selfishness and loneliness, but the most important thing is the dream of Lennie and George that one day they will have their own piece of land and this is what keeps them going. This shows hope for the migrant worker. Candy and his dog provides a parallel to George and Lennie. When candy’s dog got old and useless he got killed, but not by Candy but by Carlson, Candy felt that he should have killed the dog himself when he says â€Å"I should have killed him myself†. At the end of the novel George kills Lennie because he knew it would be better for him to kill Lennie and not regret it like Candy did with his dog. Steinbeck shows us that not all migrant workers are selfish and don’t make long term friendships by the characters Lennie and George. Steinbeck tells us how quickly hopes and dreams can get destroyed. The title ‘of mice and men’ refers to a poem which tells us of a mouse and how the mouse builds up his nest and how the nest is destroyed. The mouse symbolises Lennie and George and the nest is symbolises their dream and how it is destroyed so suddenly.

Pudd’Nhead Wilson Theme

A persistent theme throughout Pudd’nhead Wilson is nature versus nature. This covers the social issues of identity and reputation in a broader sense than man versus man. Mark Twain does not lean towards one side more than the other, however. Racial distinctions are a major topic discussed in this story. This contributes to the other themes of honor and betrayal.. Mark Twain was able to discuss many complex themes in this story.I believe that one of the most persistent themes in Pudd’nhead Wilson is nature versus nature, rather than man versus man. This is because rather than focusing on how men interact with other men, Twain asks why they act a certain way. What determines a person’s identity? What do they inherit from their surrounding environments? Tension between nature and nurture is most clearly seen in the character of Tom Driscoll. Tom was raised as a rich, spoiled kid. He eventually grows to become a lazy, untrustworthy man.These characteristics were said to come from his inherited â€Å"slave† qualities, which shows how racial distinctions play a part in this theme. There is a beautiful, intelligent woman in Pudd’nhead Wilson named Roxy, who appears to be white. However, due to a tiny fraction of her blood being black, she is condemned to a life of slavery. But she is incredibly clever and could be very successful. The racial classification is seen through the switching of babies.Roxy’s baby is destined to a life of slavery; while her master’s son, Tom, is guaranteed fortune and luxury his whole life. Honor and betrayal is seen specifically when Tom gets himself into trouble with gambling debts. Roxy is willing to make a huge sacrifice for her son. She offered to forfeit her freedom and to be sold back into slavery in order to raise enough money to pay off Tom’s debt. Twain portrays Roxy as an honorable woman by emphasizing on how she- a slave- is willing to sacrifice for Tom- a fortunate, dishone st man.She asks two things of him by making this sacrifice: that she is sold up north and that he buys her back a year later. Tom expresses gratitude for his mother, but is quick to betray her. The theme of man versus man could not cover the complexity of the themes in Pudd’nhead Wilson. Nature versus nature is a major theme in the story. This includes racial distinctions and other social issues. Honor and betrayal is another theme revealed in Pudd’nhead Wilson. Twain did an excellent job at â€Å"weaving† all these themes together in this story.

Strategic Intent Essay

This article serves a purpose to illustrate some of the flaws that are currently used by western organizations in regards to strategic planning. In this article we see are shown the detriment of the methods in practice at the time of the article, and examples of alternative strategic approaches in use by Japanese firms which have allowed them to have sustained success. Strategic Intent and Characteristics As indicated in the article, Japanese companies â€Å"began with ambitions that were out of all proportion to their resources and capabilities†, but â€Å"created an obsession with winning at all levels of the organization and then sustained that obsession over the 10- to 20-year quest for global leadership†. Inspired by this obsession, the concept of â€Å"strategic intent† is introduced to the world of strategy. Strategic intent captures the essence of winning, is stable over time, and sets target that deserves personal effort and commitment. It comes with an ambition in the pursuit of global leadership that used to be outside the range of traditional strategic planning. By implementing strategic intent, a company can create long term objectives despite of considerable resources, whereas thinking in a traditional way, decisions should be made on the degree of fit between existing resources and current opportunities. Description The key points to this article refer to the differences in strategic approach that the Japanese firms use, in contrast to the approaches used by western organizations. Japanese firms use four main techniques when constructing their strategy: Building layers of advantage Searching for â€Å"loose bricks† Changing the terms of engagement Competing through collaboration Applications Strategic Intent is a breakthrough concept in the field of Strategic Management. It has strongly influenced how strategy is defined, and is  responsible for main changes in the functioning style of many organizations. Key ideas brought together with â€Å"strategic intent† such as â€Å"core competence† and â€Å"stretch†, have been introduced to every company. With the same amount of resources and capacity, many companies have become much more successful than they were before under the inspiration of this strategy. One example that emerges from the article is when Canon changed the terms of engagement in an effort to compete against Xerox. Xerox had created many advantages where other competing firms (most notably Kodak and IBM) were not able to directly compete against Xerox. Canon changed the terms of engagement by: standardizing their components, distributing through office supply stores instead of their own sales force, sold instead of leased, and appealed to secretaries and administrative positions within companies. All of these factors helped Canon change the terms of engagement, and not directly compete against Xerox who already held a sizable advantage. Questions and concerns In the article Making Strategic Planning Work there is reference that ineffective planning may be a result of failure to develop clear policies, where those policies would guide decision making. However, in Strategic Intent, a global executive describes how they look for competitors who operate on a portfolio system (where businesses may be sold if a certain market share is reached). Therefore, could having a strategic policy hurt decision making? Connection to Prior Thoughts In Making Strategic Planning Work, the author talks about some requisites for strategic planning. Strategic intent share the same way. It requires the management to conduct internal self-appraisal and future environment assessment to ensure the strategy is on the right track. The main reason for failure could be the same – lack of commitment for planning. In Crafting Strategy, it mentions how detecting the subtle discontinuities that may undermine a business in the future is crucial. This opinion is also shared in Strategic Intent, where it references the problem how managers operating on a 3-5 year window can cause damage as they are not looking out for the long term interest for the company. While both articles share the same  thoughts, why aren’t more companies willing to pay for those managers with several years’ experience—instead of hiring outside the company?

Door Locking System With Using The Motion Sensor Essay

Door Locking System With Using The Motion Sensor - Essay Example Introduction It is indispensable that the evolution of the world has been accompanied with various technological developments to the extent that the world can longer do without them. There is always increasing need to make various changes to keep abreast with the demand of the society. As far as electronics is concerned, these developments are not disputable. The changing times have seen new materials discovered, and the application of such material to change the outlook of the environment has been enormous, needless to mention improved locking system of the door, safety and performance for sustainable development. One pivotal area that technology has found a lot of applicability is that pertaining to application revolving doors fitted with motion sensors. It is worth noting currently there are a number of door available as options to architects whenever they wish to design commercial, educational or public buildings. The doors range includes both manual, automatic and both manual an d automatic combined. One thing to content with is that the underlying needs are most likely the same for instance when considering ease of use, their effectiveness, or their safety for the user. Revolving doors first appeared in the market in a New York Restaurant way back in 1899 though it is said that the idea was conceived by the Philadelphia residents about ten years earlier. Today, revolving doors are quite relevant hence widely used. Basically, the revolving doors are made of a number of three to four panels often referred to as leaves or wings. These panels the rotate around a vertical shaft upon which they are attached. As often is the case, the entire revolving door structure is enclosed in the cylindrical structure with panels being spaced in a manner that during normal operation, the door can never open and hence has no clear passage right from the street to the building for bypassing the panel. Panels and the enclosure both incorporate glass for purposes of safety and f or reasons of aesthetic. In this regard, the glass provides an allowance for people to observe others through the door and the serve to regulate movements. Most of the revolving door automatic version consists of a powered central shaft, as well as sensors used for purposes of stopping and starting the door in potential unsafe situations. Generally, there is the presence of speed control characteristics, which makes the doors to be folded back in a way to create a clear space in the opening for purposes of emergency, and for moving objects that are large in and out of the building. The direction for revolving of the doors constricting the revolving door often differs with countries. For example, in the UK, the predominant movement of the revolving doors is said to be in the clockwise direction using a right hand side as an entry. In New Zealand and in Australia, this is in reverse. Since the 1940s fire that occurred in a night club, in which many lives were lost because of having on e revolving door as means of exit, revolving doors were made to be collapsible. In most case, therefore, hinged doors of an equivalent capacity are often placed next to a revolving door with the other door assisting in case of disabled access. The modern doors lock system, has been made to include an array of electronic components including sensors. This way, it is designed such that it can sense, decide and act accordingly (Arkalgud, 2005). In this regard, sensors, as used in this

Managing Human Resouces Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Managing Human Resouces - Essay Example ty, than the last one is Personal Objective, it is assumed to be the core purpose of HR and that is to assist employees in reaching their own goals and helping and assuring their contribution in the success of the organization it self. Lets move onto few more important steps of HR. "To raise productive efficiency and to improve the physical and mental conditions under which people work. The two goals are related in the sense that better working conditions may raise productivity, but this does not always happen. The emphasis differs among countries and among enterprises. Quality circles, for example, are designed primarily to raise productivity, while safety and health measures may be directed toward improving the working environment, even at the expense of output"(Galenson, 47: 1991). The most important thing to do in life is "Work" and one cannot do any such work in a long term, which is affecting the personal issues, it can be very difficult for someone to actually work an entire life with in same circumstances which are making life even more terrible rather than fulfilling the needs of that individual, the stress is inevitable in the lives of each and every one of us and just simply cannot move out of it though there are numerous ways through which we can reduce stress in life, it is all about managing and brining a balance in life and work, if the balance can be found than it would involuntarily bring stress under control. According to Cooper in 1999, "there is a considerable amount of activity in the field of stress Management, it is disproportionally concentrated on reducing the effects of stress, rather than reducing the presence of stressors at work"(p. 1). It is important to know the relationship between the work and stress, how could some one work effectively if he/she knows that in coming weak he/she would be fired How could someone work effectively if someone after knowing that in the next 48 hours he/she would have to work continuously because of some sudden problem We all simply can understand the basics required to live a healthy life. The stress and work has a direct relation with each other, the stress created by work is usually based on three characteristics of human nature, couple of them has been discussed but they are more formally known as Fear, Uncertainty and Doubt, these points are the results of previous redundancies or the happening things around such as change in company policies and change in the organization's culture, in the modern days Human Resources have gained more

Riding on the Waves of Online Retall Business Research Paper

Riding on the Waves of Online Retall Business - Research Paper Example Now, the internet has been proven to be an effective vehicle as well to boost a growing business’ economy. Private accounts in public sites such as Multiply and other blog sites can now be considered shopping spots for some specialized products or services, and young entrepreneurs resort to these sites to begin selling their wares first to their friends, and hope that the word spreads so more traffic is geared to their online business sites. Noninska (2003) identified three basic models that represent main electronic commerce systems. One is â€Å"Business-to-Business (B2B), another is â€Å"Business-to-Consumer† (B2C) and the last is â€Å"Consumer-to-Consumer† (C2C). This paper will focus on B2C. Cyprus (2011) explains that B2C refers to the online selling of products, known as e-tailing. B2C makes it possible that any product can be virtually e-tailed. However, the challenge for online retailers and manufacturers is to attract consumers to their website marke tplace. Originally, this needed assistance with search engines, as consumers often search for products or services they need by keying in the related words on a search engine search bar. Usually, consumers choose websites on the first few pages of the results that flash up the screen. Knowing this tendency of consumers, businesses fight for a slot in the first few pages of the results of a search. One way to do it is to purchase paid listings as well as employ search engine optimization techniques such as using popular consumer keywords in their web text. The purpose of attracting traffic towards their website is to receive views from consumers and potential clients (Cyprus, 2011). Two variations of the B2C model were identified by Robert (2007). Direct sale to the customer is the first variation. An example is SmugMug.com charging their consumers for photo sharing/hosting services. The customers’ photography skills range from inexperienced shutterbugs to professional photogr aphers. This site does not offer any feature for free unlike other sites like Flickr because they are confident that their consumers are aware that they offer a great product at the right price so there is much value in availing of their service over a competitor offering services for free. Actual products and goods are mostly sold by online retailers. The second approach is the advertising model where popular sites that generate huge amounts of traffic like YouTube, Flickr, Facebook, etc. come in. Free services are offered to consumers so visitors flock in who then become targets of advertising when they are logged in. Advertising can come in various forms such as â€Å"pay-per-click like Google ads to cost-per-impression to direct sale of a spot† (Robert, 2007). Just how do B2C outfits operate? Noninska (2003) compares B2C systems to real-world shopping experience. Transactions are done over an open network, so customers have unrestricted access. When a deal is closed, paym ent is made using credit cards. The B2C system verifies the validity of the card and the identity of the customer (Steinfield, n.d.). B2C sites should be user-friendly as well as offer benefits to customers such as low costs and data security. It should be able to deliver the required information within the shortest time possible so customers do not have to wait

Leadership development Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Leadership development - Case Study Example Both the drug company has the same mission as well as passion of improving health across the globe and has a commitment towards the customers in putting them first and being there in times of the need. Therefore the case aims to discuss some of the questions in relation to strategic leadership, cultural and transformational leadership along with the managerial roles and leadership traits with respect to Merck’s company. According to Lussier and Achua, â€Å"Strategic management is the set of decisions and actions used to formulate and implement specific strategies that will achieve a competitively superior fit between the organization and its environment, so as to achieve organizational goals† (Lussier & Achua, 2007, p. 444). Frazier who was appointed as the chief executive officer and president of Merck’s after the retirement of Richard T. Clark in 2011. Frazier has served as an executive vice president and president for Global Human health from the year 2007 to 2010. He is the first African-American who was appointed as the CEO of Merck. Strategic leadership refers to the ability to foresee, predict and maintain flexibility and empower the other members to create about a change as and when necessary for the organization (Hitt, Ireland & Hoskisson, 2010, p. 352). From the case study it can be stated that the CEO, Mr. Frazier has effectively carried out the primary responsibility of effective strategic leader as the responsibility primarily rest on the top level management mainly by the CEO and Mr. Frazier has proved to be effective strategic leader by helping the company to create the core values along with purpose and vision and secondly, the CEO was able to translate the purpose, vision and the core values into the decision of the business. Ken Frazier had the strategic vision, passion and experience to lead the company and has played a major role in shaping the business

WGS( women work and class) Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

WGS( women work and class) - Coursework Example The book Feminist answers defines this as ‘the contrast to unidentified femininity’. Joan Acker further portrays that Hegemonic Masculinity is a form that in most situations is linked with the management of large organizations, and this changes over time as the production also experience change(Acker, 55). By this definition, in her book she brings out the societal view, especially in multinationals, managerial masculinities exhibit different degree especially to the level by which risk taking is involved. Outside the book one can deduce that the principles being referred to by Acker are on how a person working in a company can be considered a better manager since his sexuality is taken to be of certain qualities like risk taking. Joan Acker defines this in relation to class; she states that class is the unequal situation and differing of access of control of economy. She portrays the idea of capitalists’ control of finance to achieve their goals of profits. Joan by this her definition seeks to show how that capitalist provisions of resources to many people undermines the ability of people to provide adequate resources for themselves and their families (Acker, 55). Acker states that some work organizations work as regimes of inequality, and she portrays that these organization make claims for the ‘non-work lives of their members’. The deductions from this claim by Acker is that the bureaucrats and capitalist refuse any attempt to provide needs unless the action has their own interest involved(OECD guidelines). In the life situations, it is evident that multinationals undertake action that can generate those interests but not benefit other members in the company. Unpaid labor is essential to capitalists since it reproduces the working class and accumulates capital. It is evident that Acker shows that the capitalists exploit workers as to generate surplus value. This can be reflected in

Comparison and contrast essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Comparison and contrast - Essay Example Comparatively, these cities offer great life experience but it is not very easy to choose one when it comes settlement. Both are distinguished by their weather, factors such as entertainment and housing. Weather is one big different issue between these two cities. Seattle and Houston have calm weather conditions in the months of April and May. Seattle at times records up to four feet of snow but this is very rare in Houston which can witness only about one centimeter of snow in 25 years. When it snows in Seattle, it is really terrible since it does not only stop after a few inches but can even last longer where building a snowman is never a problem. Seattle also records plenty of rainfall such that it has come to be commonly known as the Rainy City. It can also be noted that Seattle experiences Mother Nature’s storms called tornadoes, which are mixed with hail, high winds that rip houses apart and cause other trail of destruction to infrastructure. The temperatures in Houston are moderated by the influence of the Gulf of Mexico and this results in mild weather conditions and it does not experience rain storms. Houston has warm weather and humidity is high especially during th e summer. Houston often experiences hurricanes during every summer with the high winds and heavy rain fall that can cause power outage for days and even weeks at a time and this make life miserable without drinking water and air conditioning. The geographical location of these two cities is a major factor when it comes to entertainment and sporting activities. In Seattle for instance, there are different kinds of entertainment activities that Houston cannot offer. Seattle is a quieter and more relaxed city that offers European relaxed ambience. Seattle is known for wonderful snow skiing and ice skating. There are several state recognized tournaments where some of them even attract European competitors. Seattle also has very

Prince Family Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Prince Family Paper - Essay Example The series highlight different ethos that forms part of the lives of the characters. Firstly, the series highlights the culture of discipline and obedience. According to the series, children are expected to respect people who are older than they are. In addition, parents have the obligation to guide their children in righteous ways. This ethos enables the series to connect with reality. Pathos outlined in the series includes words or actions hat have an emotional appeal. For instance, Michael is greatly moved as he watches the prince family help him fix his car after he was involved in a minor accident. The argument end the way it does purposefully. Although the argument ends with suspense making it appear incomplete, the producer intends to create suspense in the mind of his audience. Through this creation, it is certain that the audience will always be looking forward for the next creation or production. On the other hand, the ending enables the produce to create a series of thought in his

The Code of Hammurabi Essay Example for Free

The Code of Hammurabi Essay The Code of Hammurabi is remembered more for the punishments set for each crime, and not for the crimes themselves. The â€Å"eye for an eye† rule and the plentiful crimes that may result to a death penalty may seem harsh for us nowadays, but the Code has been the basis of other subsequent laws used to govern a society. â€Å"By far the most remarkable of the Hammurabi records is his code of laws, the earliest-known example of a ruler proclaiming publicly to his people an entire body of laws, arranged in orderly groups, so that all men might read and know what was required of them. † (Fordham University ) The Code is also considered Hammurabi’s best legacy not only to his people, but to other societies as well. This is understandable because Hammurabi has ruled over the world’s oldest metropolis, Babylon. During those times, the code of law is considered â€Å"a subject for prayer†, although the dominant view is contempt for the violators of the law. (Yale Law School) The Code of Hammurabi is basically a list of rules for a community. There are negative and positive results that can be expected with the implementation of the set rules. Hammurabi, Babylon’s ruler, has formulated the laws in order to make sure that his kingdom maintains peace, order and justice. He is presented as a king who is also a wise law-giver. However, as said earlier, there are advantages and disadvantages in implementing the Code of Hammurabi. Due to the strictness and gravity of the punishments, the Code may actually create a peaceful community. Fear is instilled in the people of Babylon. The Code also aims to promote balance and over-all justice in the community: â€Å"†¦Hammurabi, the exalted prince, who feared God, to bring about the rule of righteousness in the land, to destroy the wicked and the evil-doers; so that the strong should not harm the weak; so that I should rule over the black-headed people like Shamash, and enlighten the land, to further the well-being of mankind. † (Yale Law School) I believe that the Code is well-intended. It must also have been a success because there are other set of rules that seem to follow the Code of Hammurabi. If one should peruse the Ten Commandments, some similarities can be discovered. Basically, what is considered a sin in Hammurabi’s time is still considered a sin or a violation of the law. However, the Commandments have reduced the violations that should be punishable by death. In fact, the emphasis is on what should not be done, not on what punishments should be implemented. This negative way of setting rules, like â€Å"Thou shall not kill† is its similarity to the Code of Hammurabi, except that the Code attaches the punishments to what must not be done. (Bible. Org) There are many points in the Code which talks about punishment for things that are prohibited or for things that are not proved. â€Å"If anyone brings an accusation of any crime before the elders, and does not prove what he has charged, he shall, if it be a capital offense charged, be put to death, (Yale Law School) † is an example of the laws enumerated in the Code of Hammurabi. This can be compared to the Ten Commandments’ law against bearing false witness against a neighbor. â€Å"If anyone is committing a robbery and is caught, then he shall be put to death† is an example of a punishment attached to the crime which is prohibited. In this case, the rule states that robbers should be put to death. (Yale Law School) Like the other rules, the intention is to discourage people from committing the crime. Other rules with punishments of a less serious degree attached seem to be more reminiscent of state laws rather than religious laws. Surprisingly, even within a Code which can be often harsh and unforgiving, there are also some provisions in some laws that will provide options to the one who has been wronged. For example, if the wife is caught committing adultery, the husband is given an option to forgive her. It also gives importance to fairness in trade and contracts. Persons who own properties, including slaves, must make sure that they have the proper documentation ready for cases that will question the validity of ownership. This will gauge if stealing or cheating has occurred. This is a common sense rule which prevails today. The above mentioned statements support the positive effect of the Code of Hammurabi. Nevertheless, the Code is not without its flaws. Although the fear that is instilled in the people by giving harsh penalties may reduce the crime rate in any given society, the very fear may be detrimental to the psyche of the people ruled by the law. I believe that it is not fully satisfying to command people with the weapon of fear. The Code cannot ensure the goodness of the people, only their outward behavior. Although I think that the Code of Hammurabi is well-intended, as it aims for a just and peaceful community, there are laws within it that actually violates my sense of justice. There are punishments that are too harsh for the crime that it is meant to castigate. For example, a woman who is to set up a tavern or even just to enter a tavern to have a drink will be burned to death. The Code is also not without its share of superstition. In the absence of other means to prove guilt, measures like making people swim in the river and then judging them to be guilty if they drown, seem to be superstitious and ignorant. Obviously, this manner of investigation cannot work during modern times when people train to become stronger swimmers. In life, we like to believe that we are given several chances to change our ways. Even modern prisons allow for some conversion, religious or secular they may be. Death penalties are only implemented whenever heinous crimes are encountered. However, the Code of Hammurabi seems to pride itself in preventing a person to commit the same mistake. â€Å"If a judge tries a case, reach a decision, and present his judgment in writing; if later error shall appear in his decision, and it be through his own fault, then he shall pay twelve times the fine set by him in the case, and he shall be publicly removed from the judges bench, and never again shall he sit there to render judgment†. (Yale Law School) The above example shows the finality of the Code’s decision on a person’s fate. Of course this will have its advantages as well. If the error committed has affected many lives in a serious way, like in medical malpractices of today, licenses are revoked. As a conclusion, I believe that the Code of Hammurabi is an effective set of rules formulated by a just ruler. Nevertheless, there is a need to adjust some of the penalties in order to fit today’s sense of justice. The Ten Commandments, and other religious laws, have already condensed the Code’s contents while state or government laws have versions of its secular pointers. Works Cited: Bible. Org. 20 October 2007 http://www. bible. org/page. php? page_id=146. Fordham University . 20 October 2007 http://www. fordham. edu/halsall/ancient/hamcode. html. Yale Law School. The Avalon Project at Yale Law School. 17 October 2007 http://www. yale. edu/lawweb/avalon/medieval/hamframe. htm.

Economic Development of India Essay Example for Free

Economic Development of India Essay The capital market is the market for securities, where Companies and governments can raise long-term funds. It is a market in which money is lent for periods longer than a year. A nations capital market includes such financial institutions as banks, insurance companies, and stock exchanges that channel long-term investment funds to commercial and industrial borrowers. Unlike the money market, on which lending is ordinarily short term, the capital market typically finances fixed investments like those in buildings and machinery. Nature and Constituents: The capital market consists of number of individuals and institutions (including the government) that canalize the supply and demand for longterm capital and claims on capital. The stock exchange, commercial banks, co-operative banks, saving banks, development banks, insurance companies, investment trust or companies, etc., are important constituents of the capital markets. The capital market, like the money market, has three important Components, namely the suppliers of loanable funds, the borrowers and the Intermediaries who deal with the leaders on the one hand and the Borrowers on the other. ï  ® The demand for capital comes mostly from agriculture, industry, trade The government. The predominant form of industrial organization developed Capital Market becomes a necessary infrastructure for fast industrialization,and hence its important for the economy because india is a land if agriculture where more than 70 % of population depends upon agriculture and as India is also an developing nation so,industrialization is must necessary In this topic we have discussed that the development of stock market must contributes to economic growth both directly and indirectly. Hence stock market plays an important role in the economy of a country. Following the direct channel, we show that market liquidity has a positive impact on growth and indirectly market size affects investments which must affect growth of the country. Security markets also play a crucial role in economic growth and financial stability. The primary purpose of security markets is to serve as a mechanism for the transformation of savings into financing for the real sector, and hence constituting an alternative to bank financing. Recent local and global studies show that there is a positive correlation between the developments of stock markets and economic growth. Stock markets must be very efficient in the allocation of capital to its highest-value users. These markets also help to increase savings and investment, which are essential for economic development. If an equity market is informationally inefficient then investors face difficulties in choosing the optimal investment, because information on corporate performance is slow. Role of Securities Markets in Economic Development The increasing stringency of terms on both domestic and international loans, the urgency of mobilizing domestic resources by means other than dent finance has been greatly identified. The alternative to debt finance, of course is equity market. Capital market refers to the market for long and medium term funds for the business enterprise. It can be divided into securities and non-securities market. Securities market in turn may be divided unto the markets for primary issues and markets for secondary trading of the issued securities. In the secondary market, the existing securities change from the investor to another. There is no additional flow of funds for investment purposes in a secondary market; it only provides liquidity and marketability to the existing securities. A secondary market is very essential for a new issue market to develop. The secondary market can play most crucial functions in the pace of economic development by the promotion of savings and investment and efficient allocation of finds among the users. The securities market offers both investors and issues a broad spectrum of investment alternatives, which can help increase the level of both savings and investment. An efficient capital market can play the crucial role in mobilizing domestic savings for the purpose of investment

Strategies for Atmospheric Impacts of Road Transport

Strategies for Atmospheric Impacts of Road Transport Consider the prospects for using alternative fuels to reduce the atmospheric impacts of road transport   As our world has globalised, our society has become increasingly interconnected through breakthroughs in our ability to travel from one area to another. This interconnectedness has been of economic and social benefit for people all over the world, so much so that we refer to our world as shrinking due to the ease and quickness of transport compared to that of the past. However, with this development and increase in transport our climate has been impacted. In the past exhaust gases from road traffic had, and still has, negative effects on air quality as road transport are major causes of nitrogen oxide pollution. Due to the introduction of U.S Clean Air Act of 1970 mass production of catalytic converters started in 1975 in the US and was introduced to Europe ten years later. Still, road transport became increasingly desirable for both private and business use. About 38% total fuel consumed is diesel, 60% is gasoline and 1% and 0.7% is gaseous fuels and biofuels. OECD countries are responsible for two thirds of the worlds fuel consumption (Uherek et al, 2010). Road transport vehicles produce a quantity of different harmful pollutants including nitrous oxides and particulate matter. These emission levels are particularly high in urban environments where the population is dense. The European union has set limits to the amount of pollution that populations should consume yet these limits are still breached in the densest areas where motor vehicles tend to accumulate. NOx comprises a mixture of nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). In the air NO is rapidly converted to NO2 which will also react in the air to form nitrate particles and ozone (O3). NO2 is a toxic gas harmful for health. NOx emissions also contribute to acidification and eutrophication, causing serious damage to ecosystems. Road transport accounts for a third of NOx emissions and is the dominant source in urban heavily trafficked areas. The average contribution of local traffic to urban NO2 and PM10 concentrations is estimated at 64% and 34%, respectively. It is estimated that around 10% of the EU urban population is exposed to NO2 levels above the EU limit value and that approximately 80% of the urban population is exposed to PM10 levels exceeding the WHO guideline value. https://www.transportenvironment.org/what-we-do/air-pollution/road-vehicles People know that road transport is harmful to the environment and yet they continue to use cars. The number of cars used is likely to only increase as third world countries develop and populations continue to rise, meaning that simply using less cars is an unrealistic solution. With this it is clear that if we are going to lower the pollution levels of cars we need to either improve their efficiency or stop using the harmful fuels they burn. Development of alternative fuels for road transport vary depending on the country and their economic standing. When oil prices went up in 1970 it promoted new interest in the idea of alternative fuels. Countries such as Brazil and the US began considering biofuels as a replacement but after a century of research and experiments alternative fuel sources still accounts for less than 2 percent of the worlds road transport fuel consumption. This 2 percent is limited to Brazil, the US and the European Union. The escape from traditional fuel sources ha s been found to be extremely difficult in the transport sector compared to others (Johnston and Silveira, 2014). One of the most commonly referred to of alternative fuels is ethanol, the most common biofuel. With the chemical formula C2H5OH it is the same alcohol found in alcoholic beverages. Used by blending it into gasoline so that it makes up 5 to 10 percent of the mixture. When looking at the characteristics of ethanol it has a lower energy content than gasoline. To reach the same distance you would require a third more ethanol than what you would need of gasoline. http://www.consumerenergycenter.org/transportation/afvs/ethanol.html Ethanol is renewable unlike our finite oil resource. Its the product of various plant materials, usually of corn, so there isnt a massive issue around being able to produce it. Ethanol works best when blended with gasoline as it has a high-octane number, fuel has a minimum octane number to ensure its drivability. http://www.afdc.energy.gov/fuels/ethanol_fuel_basics.html Figure 1 Global Ethanol Production http://www.afdc.energy.gov/data/10331 The above graph Figure 1 shows the production of ethanol in different countries over the years, what this graph is able to tell us is that production has been steadily growing with a few dips most likely down to times when other fuels were cheaper. We can also see that the USA and Brazil are consistently the greatest producers. Interest in biofuels has been growing and companys such as shell and BP are viewing them as a possible future replacement for gasoline. Ethanol made from corn creates 25 percent more energy than that which is required to grow the corn and distil into ethanol. Although ethanol creates a more effective fuel it doesnt resolve the problem that we are still heavily reliant on fossil fuels for road transport. Even though it may produce slightly lower greenhouse gas emissions its still not enough to be sustainable (Hordeski, 2009). Electric cars are more in production now than ever before with people owning and driving them, many electric cars claim zero emissions however it is argued that electric cars can be as damaging as regular gasoline powered cars. Electric cars rely on being charged to be powered. This electricity to do so comes from the local electricity network. The energy in this network has come power plants that arent emission free. In California in 2015 60 percent of electricity came from burning fossil fuels and wind and solar only accounted for and meagre 14 percent. If this is the case than does using an electric car really improve on how it impacts the atmosphere? One thing that electric cars do, however, is make air quality better in urban areas which would in turn lower pollution below the European Unions limit meaning healthier air for city residents. At night there is when electricity produced is cheapest, from natural gas, nuclear and hydroelectric dams however this is not the greenest op tion and people are more likely to charge their cars overnight, solar is of course only available during the day when theres sun meaning that its greener to charge cars during the day. Due to the grid, however, there is almost no capacity to store power created from solar and wind meaning energy is used as its produced. The only hope for this problem is future development of the grid to be able to store energy from renewables (Deb, 2016). https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/dec/08/electric-car-emissions-climate-change Natural gas is an odourless and colourless gaseous mixture of hydrocarbons. Liquefied natural gas and compressed natural gas is used for ease of transportation and both used as motor fuel. Natural gas is used for its availability, low cost and its benefits of emission. Vehicle that are designed to run on LNG and CNG drive as effectively as those using petroleum http://www.afdc.energy.gov/fuels/natural_gas_benefits.html In conclusion, it is clear that we must look towards alternative methods of fuel in the hopes of lowering our carbon footprint as without doing so we will only continue to produce more and more pollution. When it comes to using biofuels and natural gas they may undoubtedly provide certain benefits and improvements but in the long term they are also non-sustainable due to ethanol currently just being an additive to a finite petroleum and natural gas being a finite resource itself. Electric would be desirable especially if we were able to rely completely on renewable fuel sources such as solar and wind in the future. However, all have their flaws and only further development will create the fuel source of the future. Uherek, E et al. (2010). Transport impacts on atmosphere and climate: Land transport. 44th ed. Elsevier, pp.4772-4816.

San Francisco and Influenza :: Journalism Spanish Flu Health Essays

San Francisco and the Spanish Flu SAN FRANCISCO--No one can deny the amount of patriotism San Franciscans have for their country especially during the Great War. Rallying, Parading, and marching down the streets of San Francisco are where these civilians choose to be, whether they like wearing gauze masks or not. Such undertakings, however, are exactly the kinds of activities a community seeking to protect itself from Spanish Influenza should definitely avoid. With the commotion of World War I many San Franciscans fail to notice the rapid rate at which people are falling victim to the epidemic influenza. Origins at this time are not specifically known although it was dubbed the name, Spanish Flu, for its early affliction and large mortality rates in Spain. The influenza, also known as the Spanish Flu, is affecting roughly all of northern California economically and socially whether San Franciscans notice it or not. Several schools, churches, and buildings are closed due to preventive orders by authorities. Insurance companies and the Government are spiraling downwards financially as they become responsible for the victims of this deadly influenza. Moreover, ordinances mandated the wearing of gauze masks in public places. Such laws are outraging civilians as well as important politicians. Individuals against the mandatory wearing of gauze masks appealed the law while others chose to be arrested rather than wear the masks. Governor Stephens attempted to set an example for all Californians by wearing a gauze mask to a meeting at the Capitol. Even state senators are ordered to wear masks when attending meetings in the senate. On January 12, the public health committee of the Alameda County Medical Society suggested and presented codes of conduct to combat the influenza epidemic. The Medical Society advise civilians to wear gauze masks when congregating with two or more people. Military reservations and forts are being quarantined to halt the spread of the influenza epidemic. Agreements cannot be made between local authorities and civilians nor can they accept the safety precautions local authorities are trying to apply. While newspapers such as The San Francisco Chronicle have explosive front page headlines of the war, the deadly influenza epidemic seems miniscule in comparison. There are far too many articles on insignificant stories of divorces, crimes, and debutantes of San Francisco. Of what was actually mentioned in between the pages of war talk were the repeals over the laws requiring civilians to wear gauze masks.

Strategic Planning Essay -- Business Planning Essays

Strategic Planning 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Appraise the formal planning efforts at the Copley Company for the period 1981 to 1984. INTRODUCTION Copley Manufacturing Company was primarily a manufacturer of a wide line of cutting tools and related parts and supplies. Late in 1980, Mr. Sagan, director of corporate development and Mr. Albert, executive vice president agreed that regular formal planning should become part of management’s way of life at Copley. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY In 1981, Copley Manufacturing Company had begun formal corporatewide planning. The formalized planning was ingrained into life at Copley through a series of visits by corporate groups, planning review meetings, as well as planning response meetings. However in 1982, the planning system was modified where the planning committee separated the formal planning cycle into three phases – Strategy Development phase, Quantitative phase and Action phase. In 1983, the planning process was largely influenced and administered by Mr. Tyler, the executive vice president. For recent development in 1984, the actual responsibility for planning has been placed directly on the executive vice president, group vice presidents and also division managers. DISCUSSION OF SITUATION IN 1981 In February 1981, Mr. Albert formed a corporate planning committee as the first step to move toward a regular formal planning process. In the discussion held, the planning committee decided on the process of ingraining the formalized planning into the life at Copley. On 21st March 1981, Mr. Albert requested the division general managers to sketch out a plan for regular formal planning and schedule for starting such an effort. The main objective of that effort is to issue guidelines for the preparation of divisional â€Å"provisional plans† (Brethauer 1999). On 6th June 1981, the corporate groups, which always included Mr. Albert and Mr. Sagan, had visited to the divisions constantly as an initial concept of formal planning activities. In the introductory meetings, Mr. Albert explained the importance of the planning effort, and Mr. Sagan explained the details. On 1st October 1981, the divisions, as well as the corporate staff groups, were asked to produce and submit the five-year plans. In November and December 1981, planning review meetings were held to review the divisional plans. On 28th December 1981, th... ...981 and modified in later years, leading Copley to attain success.M  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The top management had been continuously putting effort in making planning a way of life for Copley. Weaknesses  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  M  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The 1982 changes in top management were temporarily disruptive to the planning effort.M  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Considerable effort was required to assimilate the acquired company and work out the split-up of Cutting Tool Division.M  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Division managers had been planning largely to satisfy the requirements but had failed to commit to the plans. Opportunities  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  M  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The 10-year look indicated that Copley’s profit was sensitive to cyclical swings, and large cash flow could be expected.M  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Copley was mainly concerned in achieving future outgrowth through acquisition and merger.M  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Copley is expected to reach a minimum annual profit growth of 10 percent and a return on equity of 12.5 percent. Threats  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  M  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The depressed market conditions might result in Copley’s extensive loss.M  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It was fearful that Copley would revert to a short-term orientation if it continued along the present path.M  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There is a great tendency in American business to over manage, over plan, over staff, and over organize.

Artificial Intelligence Essay -- Technology, Computers

Of all the technological developments of the modern age, none is as complex as artificial intelligence. The idea that a non-human, manufactured entity could advance to a point of emulating human behavior is enough to make people shiver. The idea of something so advanced that we will not be able to tell the difference may be even worse. In 1961 Philip Dick wrote Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?. It portrayed a world with these exact characteristics. Artificial Intelligence had advanced to a point of near-perfect human replication. In creating this world, Dick was echoing the speculations and fears of a.i. that had build up by that time. It would then continue to influence those opinions in the years after. It is necessary to look at the development of artificial intelligence in order to put this idea into context. The concept of intelligent and aware constructs began to emerge in the 1950s and 60s as several scientists in many fields came together to discuss the possibilities of advanced computer research. The first major step was a scientific conference at Dartmouth College in 1956. Here, the general concepts and possible paths of research for a.i. were fleshed out. As described in Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach, this conference was â€Å"the birth of artificial intelligence.† This was mostly a theoretical stage yet attending experts predicted that with a huge investment, working technology could be available in a generation (16). After being officially established, a.i. research and discovery exploded. Computer programs, a brand new idea, were already conquering algebra problems and speech recognition. Some could even reproduce English (18). It was clear that arti ficial intelligence research was going to be at the fo... .... Each stage of development increases our reliance and this in turn promotes advancement. Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep described a dark world where artificial intelligences and humanity came into a form of conflict. Its predictions and ramifications are not easily dismissed and hold true even today. We are already seeing a.i. surpass humans in some fields. IBM's WATSON has passed humanity in terms of intellect. It will be some time before it is self-aware of that fact, but it is a milestone nonetheless. We also have artificial â€Å"slaves† in some small sense of the word. Machines to much of the heavy labor previously done by man. Massive assembly plants now only employ a few technicians to watch overt the computers. While a far cry away from slavery, the process has begun. We are addicted too we usefulness of machines and the addiction is impossible to cure.

Most Power In Modern Western Societies Essay

Assess the view that most power in modern western societies is held by people who have not been democratically elected. It is believed that people who have not been democratically elected hold most power in western societys, however how true is this? Throughout history people have been born into positions of power, if your father was a lord, you would most likely also be a lord. Marxists believe that this division of power still exist in modern society today. Unlike Functionalists who believe in a fair merocratic society, Marxists believe that the social class you are born in is where you’ll most likely end up staying. However this theory is critised for being far to deterministic as many people from the working classes are able to make there way up the social ladder. Marxists believe that everything designed in society is there to favour the bourgeois, from the State to the legal system. Althusser believes that economic determinism needs to be rejected. According to Althusser, societies comprise of 3 levels: The economic, the political and the ideological. Although the economy is ‘determinant’ in the last instance’, the political and ideological levels are not mere reflections of the economy but have ‘relative autonomy’ and don’t have effects on the economy. Stephen Lukes identified three ways in which sociologists have approached the study of power. Each involves studying a different dimension or ‘face’ of power. He argues that an understanding of power requires an awareness of all three faces. The first face of power is success in decision-making (this has been adopted by pluralists). The second face of power is managing the agenda and the third is manipulation the views of others. Weber is usually considered the starting point in the study of power. Unlike Marx he believed that power was not automatically linked to ownership of wealth. Ordinary people with little or no money could exercise power by joining parties, not only political parties but pressure groups. He defined power as ‘the chance of a man or a number of men to realise their own will in a communal action even against the resistance of others’. Weber defined 3 types of authority: Charismatic Authority (The type of authority based on charisma), Traditional Authority (The type of power based on established customs) and Rational-legal authority (The type of authority devised from impersonal rules). Weber saw rational-legal authority as the dominant form of authority in modern societies, not only armies but also political, religious and educational organisations. He believed that they were organised on bureaucratic lines with structures of authority and rational rules designed to ensure that power is used to achieve the goals of organisations. Weber’s work has been critised as the types of authority he described are ideal types. Ideal is a model of the purest type and in reality ideal types do not exists. Political scientist Robert Dahl developed Weber’s ideas into what has become classical pluralism. Classical pluralism represents the way in which many people believe liberal democrats such as the UK and USA operate. It suggests that such political systems are truly democratic and that power is distributed throughout society. Classical pluralists except that they have very little direct involvement in political decision-making however this doesn’t mean that these societies are undemocratic. They are seen as representative democracies where citizens elect political leaders who are charged with carrying out the wishes of those who elected them. Pluralists see political parties and pressure groups as crucial for the democratic process, as through political parties we seek to gain power by putting up candidates into elections with the aim of forming a government and through pressure groups seek to influence those in government to follow policies which individual groups favour. Robert Dahl conducted a study of local government in New Haven and found that no-one group is seen to actually dominate the decision-making; power is therefore shared among a range of groups. The idea is rejected by pluralists that democracy is possible in a one-party state, since there must be opposition parties and a range of pressure groups to represent the views of those who disagree with the governing party. Pluralists claim to have solid evidence for their view of the distribution of power from case studies of decision-making on a local level (Dahl) and at a national level (Hewitt) There have been many criticisms of pluralism, first of all it is believed that measuring power by examining decisions ignores non-decision making. It also ignores the fact that that people may accept and even welcome decisions which are against their interests and its is shown that some groups exercise more power than others and so is an unequal representation of interests and many interests may not be represented at all. Marxists also argue that the pluralists’ focus on the decisions taken by local and national governments ignores the possibility that the real centre of power is elsewhere. As a result of the criticisms of pluralism many classical pluralism supporters modified or changed their positions. Robert Dahl has accepted that the unequal distribution of wealth and income in the USA makes equal political influence impossible. David Marsh describes this position as elite pluralism. Elite Pluralists accept that many political interests are under represented. However, since they constitute a significant number of voters the government will eventually be forced to take note of their interests. It is accepted that some groups have greater access to the government than others, however they point out that governments must minimise conflict by consulting with a range of interest groups. Elite Pluralism answers some of the criticisms of classical pluralism. It acknowledges the existence of under-represented interests and accepts that power is to some degree concentrated in the hands of a few elites. However there are also criticisms of this theory. It’s said to undermine the pluralist position that power is widely dispersed in capitalist societies. Also the assumption that elites or leaders act in the interests of their members is also open to question. Finally Elite pluralism like Classical pluralism fails to take into account the third face of power the ability to shape and manipulate the desires of others. Elite theorists reject the pluralist view that power in liberal democracies is widely dispersed. They argue that power is concentrated in the hands of a small minority called the elite. The elite theory was originally developed as a response to Marxism, which claimed that democracy was only possible under communism. They asserted that rule by elites was inevitable in all societies, even communist ones. However not all views of elite theory are so pessimistic. Many modern elite theorists argue that rule by elites results from the way in which societies are organised, rather than being n inevitable feature of human society. Vilfredo Pareto and Gaetano Mosca rejected the idea that real democracy was possible in either liberal democracies or under communism. They argue that in all societies and elite, a minority of individuals with superior personal qualities, would monopolise power. While Pareto and Mosca saw the elite as an inevitable thing Wright Mills saw the elite rule as a result of the structure of society which allowed a disproportionate amount of power to be held by a few individuals who occupied what he called the command posts. These individuals are called the power elite. He identified 3 key institutions as the centres of power, The Federal government, the major corporations and the military. Mills believed that these 3 elites are closely related because of their similar origins, education and kinship and because there interests are in twined. Critics of Mills argue that he only showed that the elites in the USA have potential for control, he failed to show that they had actual hold control. In addition pluralist disagree with this theory and argue that there are many other elites such as pressure group leaders, religious, trade unions and so on, who can provide a counterbalance to these more powerful elites. Marxists also reject the notion of a power elite, arguing that real power in capitalist societies derives not from positions in institutions but from ownership and control of the means of production. In conclusion it seems as though there are many different approaches to the view on power in society, whether the people are in power because they were democratically elected or whether there, there because they were born into it. However many of the views tend to ignore the problems with black people and women. Why are there only 25% of women in parliament and why are there only 6 black MP’s? Although functionalist believe we live in a fair merocratic society it’s becoming fairly obvious that we don’t. Though many views have may have some truth behind them it extremely hard say that one person’s opinion of power in society is wrong. It really depends if you believe in the power of the people or not.

Pray the Devil Back to Hell Essay

Recently we watched â€Å"Pray the Devil Back to Hell† in English class. A few of the social issues addressed were: poverty, peace and women’s rights. The women were so fed up with how their president has been treating everyone. He got young children to run around with guns and hurt innocent people. Everyone was so below poverty that children were starving to death and there was nothing the parents could do because they themselves were starving. The women wanted so badly to have peace to stop the war, the fighting, and the poverty. The women just wanted a say in what was happening around them, to get a chance to stop it all. Prior to watching this movie I didn’t know how badly the women and children had it. I didn’t know how below poverty the how whole country was. Another thing that I really didn’t know is how much forgiveness the women had for those who did such bad things to others. The women and children were placed last compared to the men and the higher people of the government and because of that they had so much hardships put on them due to starvation. For me I would find it very hard to just forgive and forget the things that had been going on for so long. I would find it hard to trust people because I wouldn’t feel safe around them knowing that not that long ago they were shooting, killing, and raping innocent people. I thought the movie was moving, empowering and touching. One part that was really emotional for me was when the one lady was telling a story about a woman who witnessed her husband being killed and her daughter being rapped. Anyone who can go through that much pain, disaster and hardship is a strong individual. If I were in their place I don’t know how I would be able to go through all of that day in and day out and there never be a hope of it getting better. Those women though they stuck it out and prayed so much that things got better and that just shows how amazing all of them are. This movie is one of those movies that will be hard to forget because the amount of pain in it. When you see something so catastrophic it is hard to forget. To me this movie really teaches you to stay strong, keep motivated and most importantly that anyone can be successful. This movie taught me so much about prevalence and how the power of good over comes evil. Those women prayed so much that they got so much accomplished and they got so many things to change for the better. In my future I will use this movie as a motivation tool and as a way to remind myself that even though times are hard they will get better you just have to hold on. Also in the future I will use this movie to show that anything is possible if you have help from those you love and believe in. Overall I thought this was a really good movie. I thought it taught you a lot about diversity, women’s rights, poverty and peace. The movie was a very touching and inspiring movie; there is also a lot of emotion due to what they had to deal with on an everyday basis. To me the movie and their stories really teach you that you should be aware of your surroundings and to be helpful in your community.

Differentiation or Cost Leadership

The textbook suggests that there are only two generic strategies available to a firm: differentiation or cost leadership. Both strategies can be applied either into a focused market or a broad market. Do you agree that these are the only two strategies available? Are they mutually exclusive? Why or why not? Porter's Generic Strategies Target ScopeAdvantageAdvantage Low CostProduct Uniqueness Broad(Industry Wide)Cost Leadership StrategyDifferentiation Strategies Narrow (Market Segment)Focus Strategy(low cost)Focus Strategy(differentiation)Generally ,as per the Porter's Generic Strategies there are only two strategies are available to the firm i. e. , differentiation and cost leadership. These strategies are the strength of the market which is independent of the product and industry. Along with these two strategies the focus strategy is also there which is the combination of low cost and differentiation strategy. The Focus strategy help firms to provide the unique good quality product with the low cost that focus on the Narrow Market segments. Advantage with the Focus Strategy is that it helps the both customer and organization side.Customers fulfil their needs within their budget and organization also gain its profits but the implementation of the Focus Strategy is very risky which required more studies of the market and about competitors. As per my aspects Focus strategy really helps the organization to able to produce the good quality of product within the customer budgets which also focus on the market demand. Daft, R. L. (2010). Management (9th ed. ). Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning. ISBN: 13-9780324595840 Ref: Porter's Generic Strategies

Consumerism in Today’s Society Essay

To analyze and explain the significance of something, you must first define it. Consumerism is â€Å"advocacy of a high rate of consumption and spending as a basis for a sound economy†. Consumerism plays an enormous role in Brave New World. It gives us a small view of what a different type of economy we might have. People are solely dependent on the things that the world state provides for them. There is much significance to consumerism in BNW, and through an analytical view of it, we find many similarities between consumerism in BNW and in our world today. In this novel the use of consumerism is prominent. Every person is provided for so that they do not have to worry about anything. In the US we constantly use our available resources even when it is not truly needed. A simple example would be, buying too much food at the grocery store, and most of it going to waste in about a weeks time. All the branches of society in BNW indulge in overconsumption just as we do, but it the Alpha group that really shows us this. Alphas show us this in many ways, often through the use of a drug. The best item in this society to get your hands on is soma. It is the most widely used and distributed item, it is used to keep individuals happy. From an example in the book, many of the castes are paid for their work with soma. Soma keeps the population under control, they take it when they do not feel â€Å"normal†, the drug keeps them from thinking unusually, thinking as an individual. The general public in BNW is encouraged to use public transportation, often to entertain themselves, to visit one of the reservations, or to play a game, such as Obstacle Golf, another example of consumerism in BNW, because it costs money to play. Or even to spectate, the population would still have to pay for transportation to watch. In our world today we also use public transportation, but it is not the only means of transportation. The public consumerism regarding entertainment in the form of games, such as golf, not a cheap sport but one we indulge ourselves in for amusement. Another example of how consumerism in BNW relates to us, is how the population in BNW are raised to use products provided by the World State, and dispose of them and continue to get more, and provide more money to the economy, therefore keeping the world at a constant steady state. This may sound very familiar, where products in our society become faulty overtime, some may say it is planned obsolescence, where maybe it isn’t completely broken and you cant fix it, maybe it is just so outdated it cannot keep up anymore. So we as individuals are forced to toss the product and purchase a new one. Our society has many examples of consumerism. Individuals with more money to spend often overindulge or spend it on unneeded things for our pleasure. We buy televisions, video games, extra clothing, more than one of a similar item, like a person having three different iPods. Sporting events have a huge impact on our economy as well. Millions of people in the US turn out to attend or watch on TV football during the regular season and the post season. We spend a lot of money of medicine and drugs. If one were to look into a persons medicine cabinet at home, it would be likely to find lots of pills and drugs for different uses that are defiantly not cheap, that are rarely used. Also a small minority of Americans in relation to the whole country, spend money on illegal drugs. Alcohol is also another product many Americans spend their money on that is an example of consumerism. Most individuals in our world today have given in to some form of consumerism. Unfortunately the peoples in BNW are trained and pretty much forced to give into consumerism. And if our world continues to overindulge we soon could also turn into a milder form of the society in this novel. But first we have to realize and start to conserve our valuable resources, so that we don’t have to depend upon our government for necessities.

My ideal school Essay

Recently, I made a list of what I think my perfect school would look like. As I began developing the list, I was struck by two things: Firstly, how most of it was about making school more student-centered, and secondly, that I didn’t mention technology once. For me, this second trend bears a little more fleshing out. I would never say that there is no place for technology in education, far from it†¦ But I think the place of technology is to support a more student-focused, relevant and engaging methodology. It is the ‘how’, not the ‘what’. For me, technology in the ideal school plays a supporting role – and it is a vital one, since my dream school relies on it to work, but it is still only there as a means to support the growth and flourishing of our students. The specific technologies will change and evolve, but once a school has reliable and fast Internet connectivity, other technologies can grow around it. Just as if our students are given primary status over the syllabus, everything else will fall into place. Finally, some of these ideas you will recognise as eminating from leading education gurus such as Sir Ken Robinson. For this, I make no apologies: I have embraced the learning revolution! With that in mind, here’s what I think the ideal school should be like: (Please feel free to comment and add your own below.) The perfect school: The primary focus is on tinkering, experimenting, problem-solving and making mistakes, rather than getting content into heads. ‘Remembering’ is very much a required skill, but it is closer to the bottom of the pyramid than it is currently in most schools. The whole school environment is challenging, supportive, caring and aimed at personal growth. Students are encouraged to feel as proud of their failures and the lessons learnt from them as they are of their successes. The teachers are passionate about upgrading their skills and embracing the most effective methodologies. The priority in lessons is about engagement and collaboration. There is a focus on helping students to discover their ‘element’, or the thing they feel they can spend their lives  doing. (This is what ‘creativity’ in education really means.) There is no hierarchy of subjects. Art, Drama, Music and the Humanities are treated with the same reverance as Maths, Science and Langua ges. Subject boundaries are also blurred and intermingled. Lessons are customized to the individual, rather than a one-size fits all. Students have a significant amount of input into the design and delivery of lessons. Learning spaces are orientated and arranged around the comfort and learning of the student, not the priorities of the teacher. Enrichment opportunities, running both parallel to the school day, and taking place after school are an essential part of the learning process. I acknowledge that teachers can implement many of these in their own classrooms very quickly, but the most important ones require a systemic shift. I would like to challenge our school leaders to ponder this list and to attempt to put in place the policies and procedures required to make every school the perfect school.

Marriott International Business Research Paper

Marriott International Business - Research Paper Example In the paper, one of the Fortune’s 100 Best Companies to Work For, 2011, Marriott International has been taken into consideration and the company’s profile including historical background along with a few of the organization behavior practices like group behaviors, communication and leadership approaches have been discussed. Company’s Profile Marriott International Inc is one of the leading lodging companies with in excess of 3400 lodging establishments operating in more than 68 countries and territories among others. Headquarter of this company is situated in Bethesda, Maryland, the USA and has approximately 1, 37,000 employees working across the cross border regions. The company has a standing committee consisting Board of Directors acting as a top management team leading from the front. The company deals with luxurious hotels, resorts and real estate’s around the world particularly located in the United States, Canada, Europe, Middle East, Africa, Carib bean areas and Asia Pacific regions among others (Marriott, 2011). It has been recognized by Fortune as one of the best companies to work for and also is one of the greener companies in America. The company was selected in this prestigious list due to certain changes made in the business policies by the leaders of Marriott International compared to the last year i.e. 2010. In addition, due to performing its corporate responsibilities towards the business values of the company’s ethical and legal standards along with its influence upon the environmental factors and towards the society as well made the platform for Marriott International to acquire the place in Fortune’s Best Companies to Work For, 2011. In lieu of this, the company’s pioneering products and services, diversity in ownership and its positive value towards its owners and franchisees also count for Marriott International to remain in Fortune’s Best Companies to Work For in 2011 (Marriott, 2011 ). Importance of Group Behavior in an Organization A group, in an organization, can be defined as two or more persons’ interaction with each other in such a way that each person gets influenced by the other. It can be defined in terms of perception, motivation and interactions of the organization. It is very much essential for an organization to form such a group in order to understand and analyze the behavior of people within the organization in order to achieve the desired goals of the business. From the managerial perspective, the work group behavior is a key approach where the managers of a particular organization co-ordinates with the individual’s behavior in order to expand its business. The importance of group behavior in an organization constitutes proper control on various policies of the organization, increases the motivation approach among the employees, increases productivity, establishes proper ways of communication and enhances decision making procedure o f an organization (Griffin, 2011). Importance of Communication in an Organization

The Jerry Watson 30 year old murder case Research Paper

The Jerry Watson 30 year old murder case - Research Paper Example Fingerprints from car were also recorded.. However, these initial investigations could not provide any lead towards the identification of the murderer. The case could not be solved then. However, this case was reopened again and Laura Casey started the job of examining the old fingerprints for any fresh leads. The FBI’s â€Å"Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System† proved a boon for the case to go ahead, as Casey was able to pinpoint a few suspects within very short time. While Jerry Watson was serving his term in the jail, Herout could identify him as the murderer, a few days before his scheduled release. The trial against Watson started after almost 30 years of the crime. The new technology that was incorporated with the finger print identification system helped the detective to name the culprit. While the stolen car was found a few blocks away from Watson residence, it further confirmed the senior detective Herout’s doubt about Watson being the killer. ... In addition, the latest DNA matching technique also helped the detectives involved in this case to identify the killer. Case overview and summary Although the murder of Carroll Bonnet remained mystery and the case was stuck in the old files’ cabinet for almost 30 years, the new technology of fingerprint identification helped the senior detective Herout and his collogue Laura Casey to identify the killer and provide justice to the departed soul. Crime details During 1978, the victim Carroll Bonnet was brutally murdered in his apartment. As the killer had tried to wash off the evidence and bloodstains, police investigators collected finger and palm prints from the apartment’s bathroom. The initial investigation also revealed that car belonging to victim was stolen. (30-Year-Old Murder Solved, nd) Initial investigation The investigating team processed finger and palm prints collected from the victim’s bathroom. However, they could not reach any conclusion and in the absence of any lead, the case just lingered on. The stolen car was found in Illinois and investigators collected latent finger and other prints from it. The evidence collected and the finger as well as the latent prints could not match with any record in the state and local criminal fingerprint files. Faced with such a situation, the investigators made enquiries from agencies outside Nebraska, for finding any possible matches. However, nothing worthwhile was found. This resulted in the case to remain cold for almost three decades. (Michelle, 2012) Case reinvestigated An enquiry received by the Omaha Police department, during second half of 2008 prompted for the case reopening. There was a reason to start the investigations

Individual Rights and the Law Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Individual Rights and the Law - Case Study Example Article 5of the Human Rights Act guaranteeing liberty is the most important article for detained mentally disordered people. Interpretations of article 5in the context of persons of unsound mind resulted from the decision of the European Court in the case of Winterwerp V the Netherlands. Detention under article 5(1) e is considered lawful only if the patient is deemed to be of unsound mind. Also, it is necessary that the mental disorder must be of a kind or degree warranting compulsory confinement. Further, continued confinement should depend on the persistence of the disorder. Finally, the detention must be in accordance with the prescribed law. (Potential impact of the Human Rights Act on psychiatric practice: the best of British values Rosanne MacgregorMorris, Jane Ewbank, Luke Birmingham). Scottish and other European Cases challenging restricted medical treatment have largely been unsuccessful as current clinical practice generally does not breach an individual's human rights and recent Scottish Case Laws, have high - lighted that an individual patient's rights may be of a lower priority than public safety. Following the decision of the European Court of Human Rights, in X V United Kingdom, 1981, 4EHRR 188, The Mental Health (Scotland) Act 1983, introduced a periodic right of appeal for restricted patients enabling them to apply to the sheriff annually for a discharge. The relevant provision is section 63 of 1984 act. According to this section as long as it is required, the sheriff and Scottish ministers do not discharge a restricted patient from the hospital. This is in order to protect the public from serious harm, regardless of whether, the patient is treatable or not. These cases bring into focus the conflict between the individual's right to liberty, now enshrined in The European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedom (The Convention) and the duty of the state to protect its citizens from harm. We will now, consider three very important cases in this context. Case One. The applicant Karl Anderson formerly known as Karl Tonner pleaded guilty to manslaughter on the basis of diminished responsibility at Dundee Sheriff Court in 1968 to an indictment containing a charge of culpable homicide in respect of assaulting a girl aged 12 and then killing her, . Tonner was charged with culpable homicide and in the High Court at Edinburgh, on 6 December 1968, the judge authorized his admission to, and detention without time limit in, the State Hospital at Carstairs under Section 55 of the Mental Health (Scotland) Act 1960 ("the 1960 Act"). On 8 July 1999 Anderson appealed to the Sheriff at Lanark under Section 63 of the 1984 Act for an absolute discharge under Section 64. This appeal was based on the 2 August 1999 judgment was given in the case of Ruddle v. The Secretary of State for Scotland 1999 G.W.D. 29-1395. In this case Noel Ruddle appealed to the Sheriff under Section 63(2) of the Mental Health (Scotland) Act 1984. He sought an order in terms of Section 64(1) (a) of that Act directing his absolute discharge. Ruddle's argument was that he was no longer liable to be detained in a hospital for treatment since: he no longer suffered from a mental illness justifying his detention as a restricted pati

GEOLOGICAL HISTORY OF CANAD Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

GEOLOGICAL HISTORY OF CANAD - Essay Example The first class consists of sedimentary  rocks which form the Earths surface. Some consist of fragments that vary in range and are eroded from older  rocks and deposited as gravel, sand or mud and are then consolidated by burial yielding  conglomerate, sandstone or shale respectively. Others comprise of chemical deposits, for example gypsum or rock salt, which resulted from evaporation of seawater. Still others result from biological activities, for instance cemented shell fragments or coral reefs form limestone. Sedimentary  rocks  make  up  the easternmost ranges of the Canadian Cordillera known as the Mackenzie, Rocky and Franklin mountains, but are common in the western Cordillera as well. Many sedimentary rocks  have petrified remains of animals and plants (fossils), and older  rocks  contain diverse kinds of fossils compared to younger  rocks. Igneous  rocks  originated deep within the Earth as molten rock or magma. Magma that solidified deep within the earth formed platonic rock such as granite, which is a common rock particularly in the coast mountains of the western Cordillera and are widely distributed elsewhere. Magma that emerged as lava and cooled at the Earths surface formed a variety of volcanic rock, which is widespread in the interior plateau region and elsewhere in the western Canadian Cordillera. Metamorphic  rocks  formed when igneous  or sedimentary rocks  were buried deep within the Earth during mountain formation. New minerals grew while old features of the rock were destroyed in response to the high temperatures and pressures encountered in the Earth’s core. Consequently, limestone changed to marble, shale to schist, and platonic rock to gneiss. Metamorphic  rocks  are common in the Shuswap Highland, the Coast Mountains and the Columbia, Omineca and Cariboo ranges of the eastern Cordillera. The presence of metamorphic  rocks  at the surface is the evidence of those parts of the

Influences and Interest for Pursuing a Career in Medicine Essay

Influences and Interest for Pursuing a Career in Medicine - Essay Example The researcher’s family has been the most important influence in his decision to choose medicine as the profession. Many of the author’s family members, including his parents, are doctors and discussion about their patients, different types of illnesses and new discoveries and invention in the medical field have always fascinated the researcher throughout the childhood. The researcher remembers that when one of his far-off relatives had died of cancer at his young age, his father was highly upset. He said it was curable and had his parents consulted him, he could still be alive The researcher always remembers this and believe that as doctors, they can, not only help people to lead a healthy and active life but also prolong life with proper medical care. At the same time, one could also help dispel myths about diseases which were once not curable but now with advancement in science, a cure is easy and relatively cheaper. Another very important thing is that biology is th e author’s favorite subject and he has always been a high achiever in the subject in his academics. The researcher loves reading medical journals and he always pays attention to any news for advances in medical sciences. He also likes to attend to the sick people. From the childhood, the author has been drawn towards community service and working with the underprivileged. His father gives free medical consultancy to poor on Sundays in the local Church. The researcher always tries to go there and act as his assistant! It has made him more determined to get a medical degree from a good college and serve poor people. The author is a highly driven person and till now, his academic excellence could be contributed to his grandfather who was not only a very good surgeon but also a philanthropist who helped build a hospital for the poor. He has been the researcher’s main motivator and also his mentor. He has ensured that the author develops moral and ethical values.

Business ethics dilemma that you have faced, either as an employee or Essay

Business ethics dilemma that you have faced, either as an employee or a manager - Essay Example In late August two years ago, I saw a problem with the way Kevin handled the other employees in our department. I noticed that he was being cruel to them like giving them too much work despite the busyness of their schedules and worse, without any extra compensation. The number of employees complaining about Kevin’s harsh policies was increasing to the point that they were all voicing out to me what they believe I should do. Everyone of them was telling me that I should report Kevin to the higher superiors of the company, and they believed that it would lead to my promotion as the next manager. Word has reached the CEO that something was going wrong in the department although Kevin denied all of these allegations. However, since the CEO did not completely buy what Kevin had said. He called for a closed-door meeting between the other employees who were somehow implying aggrieved status as well as me, being second in line for the position of manager. When the CEO and his assistant entered, they reminded us of two things – our allegiance to them, thus implying that they expect the truthfulness of our testimonies, and the urgency of the situation, since several employees have been voicing out their grievances over social media. Moreover, they underlined the fact that the purpose of the meeting was to determine the truth and to determine the proper measures to mitigate or eliminate the problem. However, what happened was that the CEO noticed that everything seemed hesitant to say anything during the closed-door meeting. Thus, the employee issued a report to be written by me within 24 hours. I was therefore left with three choices. The first was to tell the truth about the matter while at the same time risking my friendship with Kevin and risking my own reputation too since he would therefore reveal to the CEO my past misdemeanors. The second choice was to deny the allegations of the other employees, thus risking my popularity among them and

Policing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Policing - Essay Example Group think is also a characteristic of police subculture that entails the police unit making decisions with minimal consultations or consideration of other options. The institutionalized behavior refers to the sense of contentment and completeness of the police (Stevens, 2011). The justification of wrongful rights involves coming up with reasons to justify the police’s actions, while the material essentials allows the officers share various essentials such as uniforms, technology and even vehicles. Mentoring conducted by the high-ranking patrol officers allows for appreciation of the ranks in the police service, personality development allows the policemen develop their personality types, secrecy where other police officers do not report of other officer do not betray other officers, thin blue line that prevents the citizens from resulting into chaos (Stevens, 2011; Pollock, 2011). Two worlds of perspective where police work and live in another, and lastly the use of force th at allows for the police officers justify the use of force (Stevens, 2011). Origins in training, brotherhood of officers, cohesion, institutionalized behavior, material essentials and conservatism are beneficial while use of force, CYA, justification of wrong acts and criminal blindness which are

Physical Tamper-Resistant Devices Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Physical Tamper-Resistant Devices - Essay Example In this scenario, encryption keys are stored in a computer that can be vulnerable to abuse, use, or alter by an illegal user or an attacker. For various reasons one of the most important techniques to secure encryption keys is to store them in a more protected tamper resistant hardware system. These systems can be utilized for a wide variety of applications varying from protected online cash transfer to e-mail and credit card transactions. In fact, they provide physical safety to the encryption keys saved inside them, as a result making sure that these security keys have not been illegally modified or read. Naturally, attaining access to the information and data on tamper resistant device necessitates knowledge of a password (or PIN) that exactly what kind of system access can be attained using this information and data depends on the device (EMC Corporation., 2012; Anderson & Kuhn, 2000). There are different types of physical tamper-resistant devices and each device has different ch aracteristics. Basically, physical tamper-resistant devices are based on some kind of seals, locks, covers, coatings, and tamper response and detection mechanisms. According to FIPS 140 security levels there are basically four levels of physical security management standards. For the sake of application of a physical tamper-resistant system, the level 1 is about the implementation of some primary requirements on cryptographic algorithms. In this scenario, there are no such physical security devices at this level. The level 2 of the physical tamper-resistant system is based on the tamper evident seals or coating. While at level 3 we have an improved physical security system that can stop illegal access to systems and devices. The level 4 is based on extremely dependable tamper detection and response devices that can instantly erase the entire secret data (Anderson & Kuhn, 2000; NIST, 2001). In addition, the physical tamper-resistant can be of different types for example for the sake of devices’ warranties and support management we have tamper evident seals. These seals can deal with a tempering of opening devices. Such seals are used to make sure that warranties and support services still be offered (ommerling & Kuhn, 1999). In addition, for the sake of technology based systems security management we make use of the tamper resistant microprocessors. Such microprocessors are utilized to store as well as process sensitive and private data and information. To stop security breaches and attacks from illegal source such chips make it difficult for the outsiders to get access to sources as well as make sure that these resources are accessed only by the embedded software. Another kind of tamper resistance devices is known as DRM. These devices can include set-top boxes, smart cards and other technology based systems which are utilized for the management of digital rights. Additionally, some software applications are also used for tamper resistance. However, the se systems are not similar to above discussed physical devices but have embedded instructions to lock the system after a specific number of illegal attempts or destroy the data as well (Anderson & Kuhn, 1997; ommerling & Kuhn, 1999). According to my point of view tamper resistant systems are similar to bank vaults. Such kinds of system are characterized through the outer device case design for solid access management scheme. Someone needs high level methods and tools to breach such security based system. However, some of the systems are tamper responding systems which are based on the idea of the burglar alarm method. Such kind of security mechanism is based on detection of some illegal activity or intrusion and notifying the responsible staff for such issues.