Tourism Management Efficiency Maximization Model

Tourism Management Efficiency Maximization Model Tourism management efficiency maximization model AHP and Grey Theory Analysis Keywords: AHP, gray theory, tourism management efficiency, maximization model, modeling, analysis. Abstract.  In this paper, we build housing performance evaluation model with AHP to determine the index system of residential properties. And further judgment matrix to determine the weight of each index. At the same time according to the weight of each index, combined with gray relational theory associate degree real residence with an ideal model among the analyzed system will simplify complex issues, the abstract problems concrete, the quantitative results and qualitative analysis of the perfect combination, and provide consumers with a practical assessment tool. Tourist Perception is tourism tourist objects, environmental conditions and other travel information psychological process obtained through the senses travelers. Tourist Perception involves many factors assessment, evaluation is not complete and inaccurate information, determine the comprehensive evaluation of gray for the characteristics of the analytic hierarchy process and gray combination of theoretical tourists were perceived perception evaluation. It analyzes the key factors that influence the perception of tourists, and on this basis, build a tourist perception evaluation system; then AHP to determine the weight of each index weight; final evaluation model based on five main Guilin Tourism Circle Tourism, for example, tourists perceive a comprehensive evaluation. Empirical studies show that the multi-level gray evaluation results obtained tourists perceived objective, reliable and able to provide a basis for decision-making tourism planning, management and marketing. Introduction Extensive tourist behavior research relates to the field, Tourist Perception is one of the important areas. Tourist Perception refers to the tourists through the psychological process of tourism and the tourism objects obtained senses, environmental conditions and other travel information. From the perspective of behavioral geography to study the perception of tourists, contribute to enrich and improve the system of tourism geography research, provide guidance for tourism development and planning, making tourism resources development, tourism product design, development and other aspects of the tourist market work more effective. With house prices rising, the housing problem is peoples lives is an important part. Therefore, evaluation of residential properties becomes increasingly important. However, the problem is very complex house performance evaluation, the system complex relationship between the factors and is constantly changing, yet can not accurately grasp its intrinsic relevant contact, with a certain grayness. In this context the AHP and gray correlation method combine residential properties were evaluated in order to make the evaluation results more scientific and practical. Satie operations research by the famous American family in the early 1970s proposed AHP is a kind of decision-making qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis of the combination of decision makers thought process complex problems can be systematic, modeling , quantitative. This paper uses AHP to establish residential and functional evaluation system to determine the weight of each index. Environmental quality assessment is a comprehensive contribution of various pollution factors of pollution on environmental quality, to be the extent of the merits of environmental quality assessment of environmental systems. Establish an objectively describe the environmental quality of mathematical models, has been an important topic in environmental science. In recent years, despite environmental quality assessment fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method made some progress. However, since this method has some deficiencies. Tourist Perception tourists comprehensive tourism products and services reflect the degree of perception, is affected by several factors, and the link between factors with incomplete, difficult to accurately quantify the kind of multi-layered, complex evaluation problem, consider using AHP comprehensive evaluation, AHP identify systemic problems, high reliability is high, but when the use of expert consultation, easy to grasp the scale are not allowed to lose some information to the new media of Ideological and Political Education challenges. In addition, tourists perceive the evaluation is based on the evaluators personal preferences, cultural background, experience and cognitive experience, it is difficult to exclude many deviations caused by human factors, resulting in the evaluation information provided in the evaluation less accurate, or with gray nature. Tourist Perception Evaluation solve the above information appears in incomplete, inaccurate information is an effective way to put the problem of gray system theory with analytic hierarchy Combination. Grey system theory for inaccurate information, with incomplete analysis system has obvious advantages, and the sample size is not critical requirements. Figure.1 Analytic hierarchy process The Proposed Methodology Multilevel Grey Evaluation Method. Tourist Perception assessment should first analyze the key factors affecting the perception of tourists, build a multi-level hierarchical evaluation index system, using AHP to determine the weight of indicators, the development of standard rating scale evaluation of the last evaluation model based on a comprehensive assessment to determine the value. Evaluation and the importance of the target is different, that have different weights. Using the principle of AHP, inter twenty-two indicators compare pairs of importance to construct judgment matrix, and then re-used method for solving matrix eigenvalues à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹obtained rights. Evaluation is subjective indicators, namely qualitative indicators, qualitative indicators can be achieved through the development of quantitative indicators Grading standards. Gray evaluation weight matrix as follows: (1) Evaluation results are: (2) Evaluation of each layer is determined by the weight of analytic hierarchy process. We chose from the Guilin Tourism Bureau, tourism experts Guilin College of 20 people, according to the scaling theory of AHP qualitative relative importance among the three indexes to compare. Given the relative importance of the different expert opinions vary between indicators, after two rounds of feedback, get the final calibration value comparison between the index and the right to seek re-evaluation of each of these indicators. Figure.2 Multilevel evaluation method The use of multi-level gray evaluation method Tourist Perception initial attempt evaluated. The analytic hierarchy process and gray system theory, to effectively address information Tourist Perception Evaluation appear incomplete and inaccurate information on the issue. Guilin Tourism Circle by empirical study five major tourist destination, results are objective and credible. Overall, the principle of the method is clear, simple calculation, and a small amount of sample required, it is possible for tourists perceive scientific and standardized evaluation provide a useful reference. Of course, this method also has some areas for improvement, such as the selection and improve the evaluation system, a reasonable sample size determination and the like. Mathematical model of gray association.Factor between the two systems, which change with time or different objects and measure the size of the association, known as associate degrees. In the system development process, if the two factors are consistent trends, ie a higher degree of simultaneous changes that can be described as both a high degree of association; on the contrary, lower. Thus, the gray correlation analysis method, based on the degree of similarity or dissimilarity between the trends of factors, namely the gray correlation degree as a method to measure the degree of association between factors. Comparative characteristic behavior of the system to determine the number of reference series and the system behaves column reflect the characteristics of system behavior data sequence, called the reference number of columns. Sequence data composed of factors affecting the behavior of the system, called the comparison sequence. Due to the different systems of physical significance of various factors, resulting in dimensional data is not necessarily the same, is not easy to compare, or comparison is difficult to get the correct conclusion. Therefore, during the gray system analysis, it is generally required to be non-dimensional data processing. Analytic Hierarchy Process above and gray association analysis of steel structure housing, residential and residential masonry structure framework of a comprehensive evaluation of the performance and the degree of correlation obtained with three different ideal residential residential structure between, so as to achieve three different evaluation of the structure of residential properties, advantages and disadvantages compare its performance level. Using AHP and gray correlation method for comprehensive evaluation of residential properties, and residential steel frame and masonry structure residential housing construction comprehensive evaluation of performance, and obtain associate degrees in three different structures between residential housing over the same . It can be seen that the AHP and gray correlation combine residential properties were evaluated, taking into account not only of each index in the whole impact factor, but also to achieve the degree of association between actual residence with the ideal model of analysis, and quantitative results qualitative analysis of the perfect combination to make the evaluation results more reasonable, more scientific and practical. Thereby providing useful information for the real estate development, but also for consumers instructive. Gray clustering method.Cluster analysis is to determine quantitatively using mathematical clustering Relationships between objects will be one kind of typing class of multivariate analysis method of gray cluster clustering is a common method of introduction of whitening function to generate gray theory is formed is a poly Whiting class object for different clusters indicators have, according to some kind of gray summarize, we put forward a number of whitening function green gray become the basis for a new clustering methods. Grey clustering method generally includes the following aspects: (1) cluster sample, determine the number of indicators and whitening; (2) determine the gray class division; (3) the number and normalized Albino gray class; (4) Albino determine the function; (5) the right to strike clustering; (6) to calculate the clustering coefficient; (7) clusters. Each sample has a corresponding coefficient for each cluster of Environmental Quality rating (gray type). In the clustering coefficient, usually gray clustering method is based on the maximum value of the coefficient is the level corresponding to the level of the sample belongs to . Grey Decision.Grey situation decision refers to the decision contains a gray element as environmental quality assessment system environment, it can be evaluated or evaluation factors deemed gray element, the environmental system as an event, different environmental quality level response, through decision analysis to determine the optimal situation, it is the level corresponding environmental evaluation. Grey decision steps are summarized below. The situation with the situation in the matrix structure; Seeking objective measures of efficacy; Multi-objective decision making; The decision-making process, that is based on the performance of each projects objectives, the selection of the maximum measure yuan, and according to the maximum measure to determine the optimal situation. Evaluation of results using different methods to the same sample of gray very different; the evaluation results and the method of gray correlation method of gray situation given the low resolution; high-resolution gray clustering method. Cause of these results, the study suggests that in the course of the first two evaluation methods used in processing right for each pollution factor; while the latter introduced the idea of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹different weights (the right to strike clustering process). In response to these phenomena, make the following improvements. Taking into account the different pollutants, different standard values, and sometimes the absolute value of the difference is large, the level of different effects of different concentration of pollutants on the quality of the environment. Therefore, this article on the method of gray correlation method and medium gray situation related to strike the right and a method of making the right to a reasonable improvement, according to the proposed pollutant exceedances (pollutants measured concentrations and the ratio of the standard limits) of each point (k = 1,2, n) weighted correlation coefficient, then calculate correlation, based on the quality level of the size of the correlation degree determine samples (process weighted gray situation similar to this Act). Taking into account (a) a level range of the right upper (lower) weight each has a contribution to make to judge quality level shall be determined in accordance with a level greater than the sum of the principles of classification. Conclusion Grey theory consistent evaluation methods Evaluation and comparison of evaluation results improved due to take into account the interrelated nature of different weights of thought and comprehensive weight values, the method can overcome the false otherwise arise. Improved Grey Theory Evaluation law on environmental quality to evaluate not only feasible, but the results more credible, more realistic. using multilevel gray evaluation method tourist perception initial attempt evaluated. The analytic hierarchy process and gray system theory, to effectively address information Tourist Perception Evaluation appear incomplete and inaccurate information on the issue. Guilin Tourism Circle by empirical study five major tourist destination, results are objective and credible. Overall, the principle of the method is clear, simple calculation, and a small amount of sample required, it is possible for tourists perceive scientific and standardized evaluation provide a useful reference. Of course, this method also has some areas for improvement, such as the selection and improve the evaluation system, a reasonable sample size determination and the like.

Psychological Principles of Advertising: Perception in Advertising Ess

Psychological Principles of Advertising: Perception in Advertising Have you ever seen a commercial or an ad and been instantaneously motivated to go out and purchase that product or service that is being advertised? Ever wondered why? I’m sure it’s crossed over a few minds! There is in fact an explanation for the reasoning behind what it is in advertisements that consumers find appealing. Kenny & Associates highly trained analysts give one explanation. They have conducted research in consumer psychology and have come up with â€Å"the right brain analysis†. It explains the â€Å"why† aspect behind consumer decisions and behaviours. First and foremost, we must distinguish the right brain from the left- brain. The right side of the brain is responsible for emotions, creativity, motivation and long-term memory. The advertising stimulus acts on emotions and barriers that drive consumer decisions and behaviour. The left side of the brain is responsible for logic, language and reasoning for behaviour and decision- making and â€Å"[balances] to control and explain actions that begin in the right brain†. (Kenny & Associates, 2000, â€Å"para.† 2) This in fact led them to develop â€Å"The Right Brain Approach†People see a commercial for a product and ration the idea of buying that product through logic and reasoning done by the left brain. However, it is what goes beyond consumer rationalization that makes the basis for strategic direction and decision-making. It is the emotion that makes the decision not the rationalization. For example, someone going to buy a car would go to a Ford dealership first because one finds it to be attractive, reliable and honest. It’s all in the advertisement!! On the other hand, you co... ...4). How big is a chunk? Science, 183, 482-488.  · Webb, P.H., & Ray, M.L. (1979). Effects of TV clutter. Journal of Advertising Research, 19(3), 7-12.  · Kenny & Associates. (1998) The Right Brain Approach. Retrieved March 17, 2001 from the World Wide Web: http://www.rightbrainpeople.com/links/the_right_brain_approach.html  · Kenny & Associates. (1998). The Right Brain. Retrieved March 17, 2001 from the World Wide Web: http://www.rightbrainpeople.com/brains/right_brain.html  · Kenny & Associates. (1998). The Left Brain. Retrieved March 17, 2001 from the World Wide Web: http://www.rightbrainpeople.com/brains/left_brain.html  · Retrieved March 26, 2001 from the World Wide Web: (http://www.crest.com/).  · Retrieved March 26, 2001 from the World Wide Web: (http://www.ford.com)  · Retrieved March 26, 2001 from the World Wide Web: (http://www.absolutad.com)

A comparison of tabloid and broadsheet newspapers Essay

To understand the subject of this essay, I thought it would help to briefly look at the history and background of newspapers, because I believe this gradually influences people’s decisions on buying a paper today. In earlier years, the majority of people buying newspapers were all well educated, middle – class intellectuals. As a result of this many papers actually tended to follow the broadsheet format. Most people that bought a newspaper would have full intention of reading from front to back. Most papers had between four and nine pages with a lot of columns and very small print; there were not many pictures and very little graphics. This was generally because of the lack of technology available to the publishers and their printers. As time progressed, so did the technology that went into the newspapers. With this improvement in technology this enables the publishers to focus on more specific readership. In a newspaper you can find that they can now devote sectors of the newspaper to individual interests, at the same time as having more illustrations and advertisements. We investigated how tabloids and broadsheets have appeared to combine these new ideas, but somehow still have different techniques, writing styles and format. We did this by using interviews and surveys to help us gain the results we wanted. To gain further understanding of the type of people that read tabloid and broadsheet newspapers, the pupils in our class carried out a survey. The principle was to find out if there were any links between our research and the class survey, it helped us gain more knowledge on the time that papers are read during the day and what days they are tended to be read on. When the survey was complete we collected the results to find that there was quite an even spread of readers for both the tabloid paper and the broadsheet paper. Another interesting fact was that mainly broadsheets were read on the weekend rather than the working week. I recognize that this must be because of the size and depth of the broadsheet which becomes a immediate fault of the paper has it makes it very hard for somebody going to work on the train or bus to read a large paper such as ‘The Telegraph’ in such tight compact spaces. Our class also carried interviews with their friends and family to try and find out the reason behind this predilection. In the majority of cases, the time available and the content of the newspaper were concerns. Many people believed that a broadsheet were more detailed and focused on finance and politics, whereas tabloid papers tended to be more light-hearted and entertaining. There were a lot more gossip columnists and many pages devoted to entertainment and celebrities featured in ‘The Sun’. As I expected the size of the newspapers were a big matter into deciding which paper someone would buy. According to the interviewees, broadsheets were understandably an inconvenient size if they were to be read on a coffee brake or a journey as they were just too big. Tabloid papers were popular because of the advantage of there size as they can be read at spare moments during the day and contained a television guide. Personally I tend to read newspapers at the weekend and the members of my family generally make the choice of paper, I enjoy reading a tabloid a lot more than I do a broadsheet because broadsheets cover a large quantity of business and finance and I am not interested in these subjects. I enjoy reading ‘The Sun’ as it contains a lot of sport news and celebrity news. Tabloid papers in my opinion are a lot easier to read as u don’t have to take a lot of time reading each article like you do in the broadsheet newspapers. Before we actually started to examine individual articles, we made some general assertions concerning the papers contents. We all noticed that there were a surprisingly large amount of adverts in the broadsheet newspaper, which included a completely covered double-page spread on just adverts. A â€Å"British Airways† advert, covered a page of the â€Å"Daily Telegraph† the size made it eye-catching and very effective to the reader. For further exploration we compared two articles, which at the time were concerning the situation in Saudi Arabia. The first article was featured in â€Å"The Sun†, entitled, â€Å"Saudi Aid†. The second article was found in â€Å"The Daily Telegraph† entitled, â€Å"Arab states back Bush over Iraq†. My immediate observation was the difference and contrast in headlines. The tabloid headline was much shorter than that of the broadsheet, therefore the information given was. â€Å"Saudi Aid† gave the reader a suggestion of the articles content, but did not make any kind of effort to enhance on the subject. On the other hand â€Å"The Telegraph† was more informative and had a much more detailed headline, â€Å"Arab states back Bush over Iraq†. This headline refers to a specific incident which is very straight forward it also includes one of the most well known names in the world, this is a clever way of using someone’s name involved in the issue to draw in the reader the also tone suggests controversy. â€Å"The Sun† followed its brief headline with a more detailed summary, giving us further amplification on the subject. â€Å"The Telegraph† on the other hand had a sub headline of â€Å"Way cleared for countdown to war†. Again the focus of the piece was narrowed down to ass impact on their first headline. The sub headline included and extremely emotive phrase, â€Å"Countdown to War†. This gives no definite answer to the question most people were asking themselves at the time, it just leaves the possibility that it could happen in the future if the situation deteriorates. â€Å"The Sun† also included a sub headline in its article. â€Å"Saudis to aid attack on Iraq† again this repeats the word ‘aid’ from the headline but this time expanding on the content of the article. The reporter actually uses rhyme, which increases the articles appeal, because it becomes captivating and memorable. In continuing to study the format of the article, I noticed that the front pages of both pieces were very different. â€Å"The Telegraph’s† report was split into four columns, with an enlarged quote dividing the second column. In this article there was clearly more writing, and whilst I could perceive a summary, it was not highlighted in any way, like â€Å"The Sun’s† report, which had a summary in bold type and a sub heading of ‘Weapons’ halfway through the first column, such use of a sub headline created drama and tension. The summary uses colloquial language, and emotive writing such as ‘the Saudis fear they will never be safe while Saddam rules’. With added patriotism, the summary lures the reader to read on through the article, to reach the main point of the piece. Unlike the broadsheet article, there was a picture featured in the tabloid newspaper. The picture was of Jack Straw and by adding a picture the information in the article is authentic and may entice the reader to look more closely at the piece, and maybe value the reporter’s opinion more. Another creative effect is â€Å"The Suns† use of italics. By placing a chosen phrase or paragraph in italics, the reader’s attention is drawn to the chosen area, showing that the specific phrase is important, and so the reader should pay attention to it. The general tone of † the suns† article is informal throughout the piece. The reporter remains biased and doesn’t believe that the possibility of war may be resolved. The piece in â€Å"The Telegraph† takes an objective style and presents both sides of the argument, and continually stating that there is no definite war. The miscellany in reporting styles also includes the use of more formal language with words such as ‘repercussions’. I would presume that the readers of a broadsheet newspaper are more middle-class. This is a generalisation but that the fact that there is more business, finance and culture in the broadsheet newspaper. There is one similarity between the articles it is that they both include the national security adviser â€Å"Conddeezza Rice†. Overall the broadsheet newspaper includes more concept language and is rather informal, whilst the tabloid newspaper has short headlines with a catchy theme to it, instead of a more sophisticated and simple headlines brought to us by the broadsheet newspapers.

The Bipolar Disorder And The Depression - 1295 Words

Client reported that he is currently attending to a psychiatric session once a month due to his bipolar disorder and that it is very helpful for him. He also stated that was prescribe Seroquel 30 mg once a day for the bipolar disorder, Luvox 30 mg for anxiety and depression once a day as well and one B12 for energy. He has been taking Seroquel and Luvox for more that tree yeas since he was diagnose with bipolar disorder and the B12 since he had the bypass surgery. Education/Employment History: Clients reported that he has an AA in arts, a B.A in criminal justice and a Masters degree in criminal justice as well. Currently he is pursuing a master’s degree in psychology in Gran Canyon University on online classes. Client desire is to be able to assisting client who have been in the same situation as him and to assist clients who are feeling hopeless when they experience anxiety or depression by providing therapy to client who needs assistance. Client also expressed that he begin a career as a fire fighter since he was twenty years old. He worked as a fire fighter for twenty years and he is now retired since June 2015 from the fire fighter department. Substance Use History: Clients denied any used of alcohol, tobacco or any other type of illicit drugs. He expresses that in his family he has a lot of family members that smoke on daily bases. However, he stated that even thought his family relative does smoke, it has never influence on him to smoke. FamilyShow MoreRelatedBipolar Disorder : Bipolar And Depression1461 Words   |  6 Pageshaving Bipolar Disorder is like living at your best and you are worst and having no control over it. People may refer to bipolar are manic depressive disorder, this is due to for the individuals having periods of mania, and periods of depression. Bipolar is derived from having two moods, hence mania and depression. Mania is a period of energy, individuals will feel energized, on top of the world and may even experience sleep deprivation. Sometime later, the energy goes away, and depression will setRead MoreBipolar Disorder : Bipolar And Depression1461 Words   |  6 Pageshaving Bipolar Disorder is like living at your best and you are worst and having no control over it. People may refer to bipolar are manic depressive disorder, this is due to for the individuals having periods of mania, and periods of depression. Bipolar is derived from having two moods, hence mania and depression. Mania is a period of energy, individuals will feel energized, on top of the world and may even experience sleep deprivation. Sometime later, the energy goes away, and depression will setRead MoreBipolar Disorder : Bipolar And Depression Essay1490 Words   |  6 PagesBipolar Disorder Bipolar disorder is a mood disorder known for severe persistent mood instabilities between mania and depression, . 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By definition, bipolar disorder is characterized by intense and fluctuating states of depression and mania (Caponigro Lee, 2011, p. 6). Despite popular opinion, bipolar disorder is n ot simply fluctuating from happy to sad, itRead MoreBipolar Disorder And Treatment Of Bipolar Depression1098 Words   |  5 Pagesparticipants searched had a primary diagnosis of bipolar disorder according to DSM-IV (Zhang et al., 2013). This literature review found, the following: â€Å"Antidepressant medications did not offer statistical benefits when compared with placebo in the short-term phase† (Zhang et al., 2013, p. 11). This statement is relevant to answering question 1: Can at any time antidepressants be used safely in Bipolar disorder? 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